Types of Lathe Machine
Various designs and constructions of lathe have been developed to suit different
machining conditions and usage. The following are the different types of lathe
1. Speed lathe
a. Woodworking lathe
b. Centering lathe
c. Polishing lathe
d. Metal spinning lathe
2. Engine lathe
a. Belt driven lathe
b. Individual motor driven lathe
c. Gear head lathe
3. Bench lathe
4. Tool room lathe
5. Semi automatic lathe
a. Capstan lathe
b. Turret lathe
6. Automatic lathe
7. Special purpose lathe
a. Wheel lathe
b. Gap bed lathe
c. ‘T’ lathe
d. Duplicating lathe
1.Speed lathe
Spindle of a speed lathe operates at very high speeds (approximately at a range of
1200 to 3600 rpm) and so it is named so. It consists of a headstock, a tailstock, a bed and
a toolslide only. Parts like leadscrew, feed rod and apron are not found in this type of lathe.
1. Centering lathes are used for drilling center holes.
2. The woodworking lathes are meant for working on wooden planks.
3. Metal spinning lathes are useful in making tumblers and vessels from sheet metal.
4. Polishing of vessels is carried out in polishing lathe
2.Engine lathe or centre lathe
Engine lathes are named so because the early lathes were driven by steam engines.
As the turning operations are performed by holding the workpiece between two centers, it is
also known as centre lathe. Engine lathes are widely used in industries. It consists of parts
like headstock, tailstock and carriage. Parts like leadscrew and feed rod which are useful in
providing automatic feed are also found in this type of lathe.
3.Bench lathe
Bench lathe is a small lathe generally mounted on a bench. It consists of all the parts
of a engine lathe. It is used for small works like machining tiny and precise parts and parts of
measuring instruments
4.Tool room lathe
A tool room lathe has similar features of an engine lathe but is accurately built and
has wide range of spindle speeds to perform precise operations and different feeds. It is
costlier than a centre lathe. This is mainly used for precision works like manufacturing tools,
dies, jigs, fixtures and gauges.
5.Semi automatic lathe
Turret and Capstan lathes are known as semi-automatic lathes. These lathes are used
for production work where large quantities of identical workpieces are manufactured. They
are called semi-automatic lathes as some of the tasks are performed by the operators and
the rest by the machines themselves.
A semi skilled operator can do this at low cost and at shorter time. So, the cost of
production is reduced. There are two tool posts in the machine namely four way tool post
and rear tool post. Four tools can be mounted on the four way tool post and parting tool is
mounted on the rear tool post. The tailstock of an engine lathe is replaced by a hexagonal
turret. As many tools may be fitted on the six sides of the turret, different types of
operations can be performed on a workpiece without resetting of tools.
6.Automatic lathe
Automatic lathes are operated with complete automatic control. They are high speed,
mass production lathes. An operator can look after more than one automatic lathe at a time.
7.Special purpose lathe
Special purpose lathes are used for special purposes and for jobs, which cannot be
accommodated and conveniently machined on a standard lathe. Wheel lathe, ‘T’ lathe,
duplicating lathe are some examples of special purpose lathe.
Various designs and constructions of lathe have been developed to suit different
machining conditions and usage. The following are the different types of lathe
1. Speed lathe
a. Woodworking lathe
b. Centering lathe
c. Polishing lathe
d. Metal spinning lathe
2. Engine lathe
a. Belt driven lathe
b. Individual motor driven lathe
c. Gear head lathe
3. Bench lathe
4. Tool room lathe
5. Semi automatic lathe
a. Capstan lathe
b. Turret lathe
6. Automatic lathe
7. Special purpose lathe
a. Wheel lathe
b. Gap bed lathe
c. ‘T’ lathe
d. Duplicating lathe
1.Speed lathe
Spindle of a speed lathe operates at very high speeds (approximately at a range of
1200 to 3600 rpm) and so it is named so. It consists of a headstock, a tailstock, a bed and
a toolslide only. Parts like leadscrew, feed rod and apron are not found in this type of lathe.
1. Centering lathes are used for drilling center holes.
2. The woodworking lathes are meant for working on wooden planks.
3. Metal spinning lathes are useful in making tumblers and vessels from sheet metal.
4. Polishing of vessels is carried out in polishing lathe
2.Engine lathe or centre lathe
Engine lathes are named so because the early lathes were driven by steam engines.
As the turning operations are performed by holding the workpiece between two centers, it is
also known as centre lathe. Engine lathes are widely used in industries. It consists of parts
like headstock, tailstock and carriage. Parts like leadscrew and feed rod which are useful in
providing automatic feed are also found in this type of lathe.
3.Bench lathe
Bench lathe is a small lathe generally mounted on a bench. It consists of all the parts
of a engine lathe. It is used for small works like machining tiny and precise parts and parts of
measuring instruments
4.Tool room lathe
A tool room lathe has similar features of an engine lathe but is accurately built and
has wide range of spindle speeds to perform precise operations and different feeds. It is
costlier than a centre lathe. This is mainly used for precision works like manufacturing tools,
dies, jigs, fixtures and gauges.
5.Semi automatic lathe
Turret and Capstan lathes are known as semi-automatic lathes. These lathes are used
for production work where large quantities of identical workpieces are manufactured. They
are called semi-automatic lathes as some of the tasks are performed by the operators and
the rest by the machines themselves.
A semi skilled operator can do this at low cost and at shorter time. So, the cost of
production is reduced. There are two tool posts in the machine namely four way tool post
and rear tool post. Four tools can be mounted on the four way tool post and parting tool is
mounted on the rear tool post. The tailstock of an engine lathe is replaced by a hexagonal
turret. As many tools may be fitted on the six sides of the turret, different types of
operations can be performed on a workpiece without resetting of tools.
6.Automatic lathe
Automatic lathes are operated with complete automatic control. They are high speed,
mass production lathes. An operator can look after more than one automatic lathe at a time.
7.Special purpose lathe
Special purpose lathes are used for special purposes and for jobs, which cannot be
accommodated and conveniently machined on a standard lathe. Wheel lathe, ‘T’ lathe,
duplicating lathe are some examples of special purpose lathe.
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